Nouns in Portuguese take different forms in the singular (one) and the plural (more than one). In the majority of cases the formation of the plural is based on the singular form, with a change in ending. In the great majority of cases these changes are based on certain rules, which are summarised in this document for easy reference.

A noun is a part of speech that describes a thing, person, place, event, concept or other substance or entity. Nouns in Portuguese are either masculine or feminine; the neuter, or genderless noun, has died out. In a great number of cases, it is usually possible to tell the gender of the noun from its ending. This document indicates whether a noun, or subset of nouns, are masculine or feminine, together with other groups of nouns which take an invariable masculine or feminine form, but may refer to persons or other entities of either gender.

This document is a reference sheet charting when and how the definite article and indefinite article are used or not used in Portuguese with nouns they qualify. The definite article corresponds to the English “the” and refers to a specific noun or nouns (e.g., “Have you laid the table?”) The indefinite article, corresponds to the English “a/an”. It can also translate as “some” or “any” in Portuguese. It refers to a non-specific noun or nouns (e.g., I bought a book).

Images of urban environments in Brazil: a view of downtown Sao Paulo from Oscar Niermeyer's Edificio Copan; a view of Cidade Tiradentes, Latin America's largest housing complex located to the east of São Paulo;a view of the favela complex of Alemão in Rio de Janeiro's Zona Norte; the Viaduto Santa Efigênia in downtown São Paulo; and Leblon in Rio de janeiro's Zona Sul

This file is a teaching document intended to clarify the principal uses of the personal or inflected infinitive , with examples, in a class for intermediate to advanced students of Portuguese. It can also be used as a self-study resource.

Introductory presentation outlining the structure and characterstics of wikis, together with video resources and simple tasks for beginners. The presentation also gives a description of relevant learning environments, such as the use of scaffolding, and process-based and constructivist learning theories, and finishes with links to other wiki-related resources useful for teachers and learners, such as Wikimedia.

A collection of illustrated audio recordings in the Romanian language by students at the School of Languages and Area Studies, the University of Portsmouth. The recordings narrate the situation of contemporary Romania, and describe the city of Timişoara in Western Romania, the nation's second-largest city.

This text and translation into English accompanies the illustrated podcast in Romanian, created by Sabina Androne, a Masters student at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project entitled ‘The Role of Student Audio Casting and Production in the Language Learning Curriculum’. The audio summary reflects on the contemporary situation of the Romanian nation in the post-Ceausescu era. The podcast can be used as a learning resource in several different ways: as a focus for discussion, aural comprehension or as a base for further research by students of the Romanian language.

This text and translation into English accompanies an illustrated podcast in European Portuguese was created by Will Masters, a student of Applied Languages at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project entitled ‘The Role of Student Audio Casting and Production in the Language Learning Curriculum’. The recording presents a refelction on the student's first experiences of Portugal, and of learning Portuguese. The podcast can be used as a learning resource in several different ways: as a focus for discussion or aural comprehension by students of the Portuguese language.

This illustrated podcast in European Portuguese was created by Will Masters, a student of Applied Languages at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project entitled ‘The Role of Student Audio Casting and Production in the Language Learning Curriculum’. The recording presents a refelction on the student's first experiences of Portugal, and of learning Portuguese. The podcast can be used as a learning resource in several different ways: as a focus for discussion or aural comprehension by students of the Portuguese language.

An interactive web-based cloze exercise in Hot Potatoes format testing the student's knowledge of the formal imperative or command form in Portuguese, conjugated in exactly the same way as the present subjunctive tense. This is embedded in a series of sentences giving advice on how to get on in the world of employment. This web page can be used for an independent learning activity: once they have mastered this particular grammar point, the students complete the sentences below by converting the infinitive form in brackets to the formal imperative.

An cloze exercise in Word format testing the student's knowledge of the formal imperative or command form in Portuguese, conjugated in exactly the same way as the present subjunctive tense. This is embedded in a series of sentences giving advice on how to get on in the world of employment. This document can be adapted for a class-based activity: once they have mastered this particular grammar point, the students complete the sentences below by converting the infinitive form in brackets to the formal imperative.

Three photographs of the waterfront in the northern Portuguese city of Porto, designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1996. The photographs also illustrate one of the six bridges linking Porto to Vila Nova de Gaia on the other side of the Rio Douro.

Photographs of the pelourinho, a carved stone pillory erected in public town or village spaces in Portugal between the 13th and 18th centuries. Originally they were used to handcuff or publicly punish criminals; later, they becme general symbols of justic

Interactive web-based exercise in Portuguese which requires the learner to convert nouns and adjectives linked with information technology and the internet in the singular form to the plural.

Interactive web-based cloze exercise in Portuguese which comines a brief account of the benefits of the Internet with practice of the personal or inflected infinitive.

Matching exercise in Portuguese which requires the learner to match various professions with their places of employment.

Interactive web-based cloze exercise in Portuguese which combines a brief account of the way changing technologies are changing the concept of the work-place with relevant vocuabulary practice.

Interactive web-based cloze exercise in Portuguese which combines a brief account of the changing status of women in employment with practice of the perfect continuous tense (the auxiliary verb ter in the present tense plus the past participle).

Pictures of barcos rebelos, flat-bottomed boats on the Rio Douro, which were used to transport port wine, one of Portgual's best-known exports up to 1926. These boats are moored by Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal's centre for storing, botting and maturing por

Interactive web-based exercise requiring the learner to match well-known proverbs and sayings in Portuguese with their English equivalents.

Vocabulary and language exercise testing knowledge of irregular plurals in Portuguese, embedded in some sentences about contemporary Portugal and globalisation.

Language exercise which combines practice in the past preterite, or perfect tense in Portguese, with an account of the events leading up to the Revolução dos Cravos on the eve of April 25, 1974, when the Estado Novo was finally overthrown.

Vocabulary exercise which matches verbs in Portuguese with their corresponding nouns.

Language exercise which combines practice of the use of the prepositions de, em and a with some information on the dates and years when contemporary African nations achieved independence from Portugal

Language exercise which combines various perspectives on the nature of democracy offered by representatives of the Portguese parliament on the occasion of the anniversary of the Revolução dos Cravos on April 25 2001, with practice of the absolute superl

This text, together with a translation into English, accompanies the illustrated podcast in Romanian created by Valentina Moldovan, a Masters' student at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project e

This illustrated podcast in Romanian was created by Valentina Moldovan a Masters' student at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project entitled ‘The Role of Student Audio Casting and Production i

This text in Portuguese and its English translation accompanies the illustrated podcast in Portuguese 'Preconceitos do Brasil' created by James Letts, a student of Spanish and Latin American Studies at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University

This illustrated podcast in Portuguese was created by James Letts, a student of Spanish and Latin American Studies at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project entitled ‘The Role of Student Audio

This illustrated text in Portuguese accompanies the podcast 'O que é A Umbanda?' created by Emilia Kroprowska , a student of Spanish and Latin American Studies at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research

This illustrated podcast in Portuguese was created by Emilia Kroprowska , a student of Spanish and Latin American Studies at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project entitled ‘The Role of Studen

This text in Portuguese accompanies the illustrated podcast 'O papel do sacrifício no Candomblé' and was created and researched by Emilia Kroprowska ,a student of Spanish and Latin American Studies at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University

This illustrated podcast in Portuguese was created by Emilia Kroprowska ,a student of Spanish and Latin American Studies at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project entitled ‘The Role of Student

This text in Portuguese accompanies the podcast 'O papel dos orixás no Candomblé' and was created by Emilia Kropowska, a student of Spanish and Latin American Studies at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a

This illustrated podcast in Portuguese was created by Emilia Kropowska, a student of Spanish and Latin American Studies at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project entitled 'The Role of Student Au

This text accompanies the podcast 'O que é o Candomblé? and wascreated by Emilia Kroprowska, a student of Spanish and Latin American Studies at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project entitled

This illustrated podcast in Portuguese was created by Emilia Kroprowska, a student of Spanish and Latin American Studies at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project entitled ‘The Role of Student

This text is the transcript of the podcast 'O Candomblé é uma religião afro-brasileira' created by Emilia Kroprowska at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project entitled ‘The Role of Student

This illustrated podcast in Portuguese was created by Emilia Kroprowska ,a student of Spanish and Latin American Studies at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project entitled ‘The Role of Student

This illustrated podcast in Romanian was created by Sabina Androne,a Masters student at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project entitled ‘The Role of Student Audio Casting and Production in the

Interactive web-based quiz testing knowedge of nouns in Portuguese, their endings and genders, by selecting the correct definite article to go with an individual noun to do with nature and the environment.

Interactive web-based quiz testing knowledge of nature vocabulary in Portuguese: animal, bird and reptile species.

Interactive web-based quiz testing knowledge of nature vocabulary in Portuguese by classifying individual animals, birds, insects and fish according to their type.

Interactive web-based multiple-choice exercise matching traditional rhyming proverbs in Portuguese.

Web-based interactive multiple-choice exercise in Portuguese testing knowledge of vocuabulary to do with nature: trees, birds, insects, flowers and animals.

Interactive web-based gap-fill cloze exercise in Portuguese testing knowledge of the future subjunctive verb tense in the context of advice on environmentally-friendly practices.

Interactive web-based gap-fill cloze exercise testing the knowlege of the past participle and the passive voice used with ser and estar in Portuguese, accompanied by a text describing the discovery of a gallery of Paleolithic art in the Vale do Rio Côa i

Interactive web-based multiple-choice exercise which tests knowledge of food vocabulary in Portuguese by matching individual food items such as chocolate and yogurt with the raw ingredients they are made of.

Interactive web-based exercise in the form of a crossword which tests knowledge of the names of spices in Portuguese: pepper, saffron, clove.

Interactive web-based exercise in Portuguese which tests knowledge of food vocabulary by matching famous national and regional dishes in Portugal with their respective ingredients.

Interactive, web-based multiple-choice exercise testing knowledge of individual vocabulary items in Portuguese to do with food: meat, vegetables, fruit, herbs and shell-fish.

Interactive web-based gap-fill cloze exercise in the form of a recipe, testing the formal command form in Portguese, or imperative.

Interactive web-based gap-fill cloze exercise in the form of a recipe of one famous Portuguese dish, and testing food vocabulary.

Interactive web-based exercise in European and Brazilian Portuguese matching vitamins and minerals with the foods containing these nutrients

Interactive web-based exercise matching synonyms of words associated with stress-busting tranquillity, relaxation and peace.

Interactive web-based exercise in European and Brazilian Portuguese which matches nouns associated with the causes of stress in conemporary society with their corresponding verbs.

Interactive web-based exercise matching synonyms and individual vocabulary items associated with the causes of stress in today's society.

Gap-fill interactive cloze exercise in European Portuguese which combines practice in the formation of the personal or inflected infinitive with suggestions on relieving stress and relaxation in contemporary society.

An interactive web-based gap fill cloze exercise in European Portuguese inviting learners of Portuguese to match individual vocabulary items with longer sentences describing stress-causing phenomena in contemporary life.